Energy saving and consumption reduction and environmental pollution reduction are urgent problems faced by the transportation industry in all countries in the world. To solve this problem, various lightweight alloys (such as
aluminum and magnesium alloys) are increasingly used in transportation vehicles. Among them, aluminum alloy has very good physical and mechanical properties, and is light in weight. It has been widely used in the automobile manufacturing industry, and the filter is one of the more typical applications. At the same time, the oxide film can absorb more water, resulting in the formation of weld pores; in addition, aluminum alloy has a large linear expansion coefficient, strong thermal and electrical conductivity, and is prone to defects such as undercut and warpage during welding. The mechanical properties of the joint are reduced. When conventional argon arc welding (TIG) and inert gas melting grade arc (MIG) methods are used to weld aluminum alloys, problems such as pores, welding cracks, and large welding deformations are prone to occur, which restricts its application and promotion in industry. Compared with conventional welding methods, laser welding is a precision welding method with multiple functions, strong adaptability and high reliability, and it is easy to realize automation. Due to the high power density of the laser and the low heat input during welding, on the basis of ensuring the penetration depth, the welding heat affected zone is small, the welding deformation is small, and the laser welding does not require a vacuum device. Therefore, the laser welding has high quality, high precision and speed. High features. At the same time, with the continuous development of high-power and high-performance laser processing equipment, aluminum alloy laser welding technology has been widely used in the automobile manufacturing industry. Research on the laser welding process of aluminum alloy filters for automobiles 1 Equipment, materials and methods Equipment: Trumpf 3001 laser and welding head (optical configuration: focusing lens focal length is 300mm, collimator lens 200mm, fiber core diameter 300μm), such as for automobiles Research material for laser welding process of aluminum alloy filter: 6 series aluminum alloy; Method: The laser welding head is not moving at a fixed position, and the workpiece is rotated around a fixed axis to realize girth weld welding. The welding process adopts high-purity Ar gas bypass shaft protection. 2 Problems that are prone to welding process 1. Problems caused by the shielding gas blowing direction: when the shielding gas blows in the same direction as the rotation direction of the workpiece, that is, the shielding gas blows afterwards, so the shielding gas cannot promptly remove the welding seam during the welding process. Discharge of air can easily lead to the mixing of air in the welding process, which makes the welding seam extremely easy to oxidize, and the surface of the welding seam after welding is black and poorly formed. Research on the laser welding process of automotive aluminum alloy filter 2. The use of a small inner diameter trachea leads to a narrow protection range and excessive gas blowing force per unit area: such as when a single copper tube with an inner diameter of 4mm is used for protection, and the sample is vertical When placed straight, due to the greater fluidity of the liquid aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy in the molten pool tends to flow down in the direction of gravity due to the protective air blowing force and its own gravity, causing the weld seam to collapse after welding. , The small inner diameter copper pipe has a small gas blowing area and a large gas blowing force, which may also easily lead to unstable weld formation. Research on the laser welding process of automotive aluminum alloy filters 3. The impure shielding gas causes local oxidation of the weld. Surface yellowing: due to the active chemical properties of aluminum alloy, it is easy to oxidize at high temperature. Therefore, when welding aluminum alloy filters, the shielding gas should be high-purity argon (purity 99.99%) and pure argon (purity 99.9%) for protection. During high temperature welding, the intrusion of gas impurities during high-temperature welding can also cause partial oxidation of the weld, and even poor welding. Research on the laser welding process of automotive aluminum alloy filters 4. Poor welding caused by mismatch of process parameters: laser welding is based on penetration depth The difference is divided into thermal conductivity welding (power density between 105 W/ cm2 —— 106 W/ cm2) and deep penetration welding (power density between 106 W/ cm2 —— 107 W/ cm2). The shallow metal is heated to melt mainly by the downward heat conduction after absorbing the laser energy on the surface, and the weld formed is nearly semicircular, and the weld penetration is relatively shallow. The appearance of small holes in the laser welding process can greatly improve the material's resistance to the laser As a black body, the small hole can make the weldment get more energy coupling, which is the prerequisite for good welding quality. Therefore, if aluminum alloy laser welding wants to achieve the deep penetration welding effect, it needs to reach a certain power value. But The power can't be high, which can easily cause the weld seam to sink due to excessive heat input and serious undercut.
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